The growing industrial uptake of the concept proved difficult for academia to ignore: more and more scientific literature is being published on knowledge graphs, which includes books (e.g., ), as well as papers outlining definitions (e.g., ), novel techniques (e.g., ), and surveys of specific aspects of knowledge graphs (e.g., ). Though the phrase “knowledge graph” has been used in the literature since at least 1972 , the modern incarnation of the phrase stems from the 2012 announcement of the Google Knowledge Graph , followed by further announcements of knowledge graphs by Airbnb , Amazon , eBay , Facebook , IBM , LinkedIn , Microsoft , Uber , and more besides. We conclude with high-level future research directions for knowledge graphs. We provide an overview of prominent open knowledge graphs and enterprise knowledge graphs, their applications, and how they use the aforementioned techniques. We summarise methods for the creation, enrichment, quality assessment, refinement, and publication of knowledge graphs. We explain how knowledge can be represented and extracted using a combination of deductive and inductive techniques. We discuss the roles of schema, identity, and context in knowledge graphs. After some opening remarks, we motivate and contrast various graph-based data models and query languages that are used for knowledge graphs. In this paper we provide a comprehensive introduction to knowledge graphs, which have recently garnered significant attention from both industry and academia in scenarios that require exploiting diverse, dynamic, large-scale collections of data. Antoine Zimmermann, École des mines de Saint-Étienne, France.Steffen Staab, Universität Stuttgart, Germany and University of Southampton, UK.Lukas Schmelzeisen, Universität Stuttgart, Germany.Anisa Rula, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy and University of Bonn, Germany.Rashid, Tetherless World Constellation, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo, DICE, Universität Paderborn, Germany.Roberto Navigli, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.José Emilio Labra Gayo, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain.Claudio Gutierrez, IMFD, DCC, Universidad de Chile, Chile.Gerard de Melo, Rutgers University, USA.Claudia d’Amato, University of Bari, Italy.Michael Cochez, Vrije Universiteit and Discovery Lab, Elsevier, The Netherlands.Eva Blomqvist, Linköping University, Sweden.Aidan Hogan, IMFD, DCC, Universidad de Chile, Chile.It does not store any personal data. ewcommand The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category 'Performance'. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin.

The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category 'Other. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category 'Necessary'. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category 'Functional'. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category 'Analytics'. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly.

Allen datagraph i48